Turbine-blade.



PATENTED AUG. 2, 1904.

E. CHESHIRE.

, TURBINE BLADE.

Jul/ aut Wc'f7 z e 6066 wzmww m UNITED STATES Patented August 2, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

TU RBlNE-BLADE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 766,593, dated August 2, 1904:. Application filed October 1, 1903. Serial No. 175,316. (No model.)

To (I/ZZ/ lull/mt it may (lo/warn:

Be it known that I, EDWARD CHESHIRE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of W'isconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Tlurbine-Blades, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

In the construction of turbines employing a large number of blades it is a great desideratum that such blades should beinexpensive of construction, efiicient and economical in operation, and should be capable of attachment to and removable from their fixed or moving parts in a simple and inexpensive manner.

My invention has in view the accomplishing of the above objects, and may be defined generally as consisting of the combination of parts set forth in the claims hereto appended.

Referring to the drawings, Figures 1, 2., and 3 represent plan views of portions of rows of blades constructed in accordance with my invention. Figs. a, 5, and 6 represent side elevations of such blades. Fig. 7 represents sectional details of a fixed and a movable member of a turbine, showing the manner of attaching the blades to such members.

Describing the parts by letters, the blades consist each of a blade portion proper, a, and a base portion a. The blade portion, as shown, is convexo-concave and extends generally from one side of the base to the other, projecting beyond the rear or discharge end thereof and terminating in a line with the side of the base. The angle of the blades may be varied in accordance with the special circumstances of each case and in itself forms no part of my invention.

It will be observed that the bases are not rectangular, but that the faces thereof are inclined in the direction of the inclination of the blade, thereby permitting the blades to be made of sufficient width to utilize the pressure fluid to the best advantage and at the same time reduce the overhanging or unsupported portions of the blades to a minimum.

The blades are supported on their runner and fixed members A A by means of grooves a cut in such members. These grooves are parallel with one another. In order to permit the blades to be readily and securely fitted in place and to be easily removed, 1 have constructed the bases of the blades and the grooves as follows: Each side of the base is provided with a leg-like extension (1 projecting downwardly therefrom and in the plane of the side. From each side of the groove fitted for the reception of said base there extends an outwardly-inclined channel a", corresponding in depth approximately to the length of each of said leg-like extensions. Between such channels u there is a fiat or plane portion (5, and between each pair of legs there is a corresponding fiat or plane portion a. The blades are driven or otherwise forced into place in the grooves until further movement is stopped by the portions a striking against the corresponding portions (17, the legs meanwhile spreading into the downwardly -diverging channels provided for their reception, thereby locking the blades. in position and forming a simple and secure connection for said blades with the fixed or running parts of the turbine. These blades may be hot-pressed or dropforged from steel or metal alloy having great tenacity and elasticity.

It will be observed, as shown in Fig. 'Ithat the depth of the groove to the stop portion a is such relative to the depth of the bases of the blades to their corresponding stop portions a that said bases project slightly above the surface of the fixed or running member of the turbine in which they are inserted. The purpose of this construction will be apparent from an inspection of Fig. 7, wherein portions of rows of running blades are seen in operative relation to portions of rows of fixed blades. Owing to the necessity for providing sufficient clearance between the end of each blade and its opposite fixed or running member, some of the steam or other pressure fluid will escape through this clearance-space without producing any effect upon the blade unless means be provided for preventing such result. The projection of the bases beyond the surfaces of the runner and fixed members provides a continuous shallow pocket or channel between each pair of rows within or as far as which the ends of the blades in the row carried by the opposite member project,thereof pressure fluid at the by preventing loss ends of the blades.

By the construction of blades and their c0 acting parts herein set forth I have provided individual blades that are inexpensive in themselves, are readily inserted into or removed from their movable or fixed members without disturbing any other blade, and that are very losses of efficiency in by reason of unnecessary effective in preventing the pressure fluid clearance.

Having described my invention, I claim- 1. A blade for turbines consisting of abase portion and a blade portion, the lower disportion overlapping the rear or discharge end of the base portion,

charge edge of the blade substantially as described.

2. A blade for turbines consisting of a blade the blade portion v said base, portion to the other with its discharge edge overlapportion and a base portion, extending from one side of ping the rear portion of said base portion, substantially as described.

3. Ablade for turbines consisting of ablade portion, the base portion having side edges and front and rear faces and the blade portion extending from one side edge to the other with its discharge edge extending beyond the rear face of said base portion and in the plane of the corresponding portion and a base side edge thereof, substantially as described.

4:- A blade for turbines consisting of a blade a base portion having sides and front and rear faces, the lower discharge edge portion and of the blade portion overlapping the rear face of the base portion and said clined toward the discharge edge of the blade, substantially as described.

5. A blade for turbines consisting of a blade portionand a base portion, the base portion being thick with reference to the blade portion and provided with a leg-like extensions adapted to be spread apart to lock the blade in place, substantially as described.

6. A blade for turbines, consisting of a base portion and a blade portion, the base portion being thick with reference to the blade portion and provided at each side with a depending leg-like extension and a fiat or plane portion intermediate of said extension, substantially as described.

' 7. In a turbine, the combination of aseries of blades each having a blade portion and a base portion, the discharge edge of the blade portion overlapping the rear or discharge end of its base portion and overhanging the front end of the base portion of the succeeding blade, substantially as described.

8. In a turbine, the combination with a blade-carrying member having a groove therein, said groove having diverging channels, and a series of blades, each blade having legfaces being inpair of depending like extensions driven into and spread apart by said diverging channels, substantially as described.

9. In a turbine, the combination of aseries of blades, each consisting of a blade portion and a base portion, the base portion having parallel sides and parallel front and rear faces, the blade portion extending from one side of the base to the other and having its edges flush therewith and having its discharge edge overlapping the base of the succeeding blade, substantially as described.

10. In a turbine, the combination of a series of blades, each consisting of a blade portion and a base portion, the base portion having parallel sides and parallel front and rear faces, the blade portion extending from side to side of the base portion and having its edges flush therewith and its discharge edge overlapping the base of the succeeding blade, the faces of each base portion being inclined toward the discharge edge of the blade portion, substantially as described.

11. In a turbine, the combination with a blade-carrying member havinga groove therein, said groove having an extension and a stop portion, of a series of blades, each having a base provided with an extension corresponding to the groove extension and a portion adapted to engage the stop portion of said groove, the distance of the stop portion of said groove from the surface of said member being less than the distance of the corresponding portion of the base from the upper surface of said base, whereby when the blades are fitted in the grooves a portion of the base of each blade projects above the surface of said member, substantially as described.

12. In aturbine, the combination of a bladecarrying member having a groove therein, said groove having diverging extensions, of a series of blades having each a base portion fitting in said groove, said base portion being provided with leg-like extensions driven into and spread apart by said groove extensions, substantially as described.

13. In a turbine, the combination of a bladecarrying member having a channel-shaped groove therein,'said groove having diverging extensions from each lower angular portion thereof, of a series of blades having each a base portion fitting said groove and provided with leg-like extensions fitting in the groove extensions and spread apart thereby, substantially as described.

14. In a turbine, the combination of a bladecarrying member having a groove therein provided With extensions and a stop portion nearer the surface of said member than said extensions, of a series of blades having each a base portion fitting said groove, leg-like extensions interlocking with said groove extensions, and a stop portion engaging the stop portion in the groove, the depth of the base IIO portion to its stop portion being greater than 3 the distance of the groove stop portion from the surface of the member, whereby a portion of the base projects beyond the surface of the member, substantially as described.

15. In a turbine, the combination of a bladecarrying member having a groove therein, said groove having a fiat bottom and diverging extensions from each lower angular portion of said bottom, of a series of blades having each a base portion fitting in said groove, a pair of leg like extensions driven into and spread by said groove extensions, and a flat portion intermediate of said leg-like extensions engaging the fiat bottom of said groove, substantially as described.

16. In a turbine, the combination of a bladecarrying member having a groove therein, said groove having a flat bottom and diverging extensions from each lower angular portion of said bottom, of a series of blades having each a base portion fitting in said groove, a pair of leg-like extensions driven into and spread by said groove extensions, and a flat portion intermediate of said leg-like extensions engaging the flat bottom of said groove, the depth of the base portion of the blade to the portion intermediate of the leg-like extensions being greater than the distance from the surface of the member to the flat bottom of the groove, whereby a portion of the base projects beyond the surface of the member, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

EDIVARD CHESHIRE. Witnesses:

LUoIAN R. WVoRDnN, JAs. F. GRIFFIN. 

